==============================
title: Insecure default configuration
product: various Ubiquiti Networks products
vulnerable version: see Vulnerable / tested versions
fixed version: none available
impact: High
homepage: https://www.ubnt.com/
found: 2015-08-17
by: Stefan Viehböck (Office Vienna)
SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab
An integrated part of SEC Consult
Berlin - Frankfurt/Main - Montreal - Moscow
Singapore - Vienna (HQ) - Vilnius - Zurich
https://www.sec-consult.com
==============================
Vendor description:
-------------------
Ubiquiti Networks develops high-performance networking
technology for service providers and enterprises. Our technology
platforms focus on delivering highly advanced and easily deployable
solutions that appeal to a global customer base in underserved and
underpenetrated markets.
Source: http://ir.ubnt.com/
Vulnerability overview/description:
------------------------------
1) Hardcoded cryptographic keys
A certificate including its private key is embedded in the firmware of several
Ubiquiti Networks products. The certificate is used for HTTPS (default server
certificate for web based management).
Impersonation, man-in-the-middle or passive decryption attacks are possible.
These attacks allow an attacker to gain access to sensitive information like
admin credentials and use them in further attacks.
Furthermore searching for the certificate fingerprint in data from internet-wide
scans is a low-cost way of finding the IPs of specific products/product groups and
allows an attacker to exploit vulnerabilities at scale.
2) Remote management enabled by default
The remote management interface is enabled by default. This allows attackers
to exploit vulnerabilities in the device firmware as well as weak credentials
set by the user.
Further information can also be found in our blog post:
http://blog.sec-consult.com/
Proof of concept:
-----------------
1) Hardcoded cryptographic keys
OpenSSL text output for the certificate:
Certificate:
Data:
Version: 1 (0x0)
Serial Number: 13408895465235657399 (0xba15f761dbb7b2b7)
Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
Issuer: C=US, ST=CA, L=San Jose, O=Ubiquiti Networks Inc.,
OU=Technical Support, CN=UBNT/emailAddress=support@
Validity
Not Before: Jun 2 08:35:02 2011 GMT
Not After : Jan 1 08:35:02 2020 GMT
Subject: C=US, ST=CA, L=San Jose, O=Ubiquiti Networks Inc.,
OU=Technical Support, CN=UBNT/emailAddress=support@
Subject Public Key Info:
Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
Public-Key: (1024 bit)
Modulus:
00:be:09:9f:14:3a:f7:ee:e5:8a:
00:7b:0c:85:1c:94:8e:bd:7f:f5:
64:cc:7f:78:bc:11:ee:dc:d9:e6:
17:a6:9c:35:aa:da:c5:c1:3a:a5:
37:59:7e:88:3c:2c:d3:bb:e7:60:
18:4c:4c:3a:fd:5e:35:6f:a3:50:
fa:a0:ee:c4:96:c5:ba:4e:ed:d8:
54:c2:dc:27:eb:75:74:1c:be:9a:
47:44:96:a7:af:10:07:eb:15
Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
00:5a:31:81:3a:15:6d:30:95:8d:
2e:d4:01:cd:d5:21:6b:69:5e:3c:
19:17:c2:3d:ec:36:fd:ee:93:07:
25:9e:d8:24:16:85:65:29:da:47:
fa:f0:24:40:b9:ee:1e:f0:1c:33:
d0:aa:81:6f:cf:1b:70:67:43:01:
cb:b1:97:30:04:f2:c6:77:e8:89:
36:fa
Certificate:
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIICrTCCAhYCCQC6Ffdh27eytzANBg
VMxCzAJBgNVBAgTAkNBMREwDwYDVQQ
VpdGkgTmV0d29ya3MgSW5jLjEaMBgG
LBgNVBAMTBFVCTlQxHzAdBgkqhkiG9
MTEwNjAyMDgzNTAyWhcNMjAwMTAxMD
gNVBAgTAkNBMREwDwYDVQQHEwhTYW4
V0d29ya3MgSW5jLjEaMBgGA1UECxMR
TBFVCTlQxHzAdBgkqhkiG9w0BCQEWE
hvcNAQEBBQADgY0AMIGJAoGBAL4Jnx
Mx/
1eNW+jULlQwI6L+
VAgMBAAEwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQADg
a2lePHEnEBz1h9QoGRfCPew2/
vAkQLnuHvAcM8PhBnAua/
/PA/H8Nvo=
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
Private Key:
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
MIICXAIBAAKBgQC+
eYqy+Ge2BemnDWq2sXBOqVI3K+
COi/
AGS2XKQwDC2DYOYcDZW6IvsTS4g2At
/
/m0e9jsmGSVmFnniCI/ha7rKRQN+
jOAkLGUqX/CNUxgoPc2cC769pB4+
LAkEAxb1JBfMkNwEVHhEtoVbyLCnbA
MRSmtmOiR3JhWA64TTeMzEOk3wJAaQ
gACjvli5VD2Qt4LACSCo+/126/
UQ+
DD64MowJBANI9Uadjw2fwWJvRtdpbJ
kwc9O1CJGXEV9oLEvIavpTJaeQFhw4
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
2) Remote management enabled by default
Remote management is available via SSH, HTTP and HTTPS.
Vulnerable / tested versions:
-----------------------------
This vulnerability is not dependent on specific products/versions. We
found the certificate and private key in firmware for at least the
following products:
AF-5X, AF24, AF24HD, AF5, AF5U, AG-HP-2G16, AG-HP-5G23, AG-HP-5G27, AR,
AR-HP, AirGrid M2, AirGrid M5, BM2-Ti, BM2HP, BM5-Ti, BM5HP, Bullet 2,
Bullet 2 HP, Bullet 5, LS2, LS5, LiteStation M5, M2, M3, M365, M5, M900,
MiniStation2, NB-2G18, NB-5G25, NBE-5AC-19, NBE-M5-16, NBE-M5-19, NBM3,
NBM365, NBM9, NS2, NS5, NSM2, NSM3, NSM365, NSM5, NanoStation 2 Loco,
NanoStation 5 Loco, PBE-5AC-500, PBE-5AC-620, PBE-M2-400, PBE-M5-300,
PBE-M5-400, PBM10, PBM3, PBM365, PBM5, PicoStation2, PicoStation2HP,
PicoStation5, Power AP N, PowerStation 2, PowerStation 5, R5AC-Lite,
R5AC-PTMP, R5AC-PTP, RM2-Ti, RM5-Ti, TS-16-CARRIER, TS-5-POE, TS-8-PRO,
WispStation5, airGateway, airGateway PRO, airGateway-LR, locoM2, locoM5,
locoM9
Vendor contact timeline:
------------------------
2015-08-17: Contacting vendor through security@ubnt.com.
2015-08-17: Auto-response: Vulnerability reports are processed via HackerOne.
2015-08-18: Reporting vulnerability via HackerOne (#83038, #83039)
2015-09-22: Vendor responds, enhancement to generate unique certificates will
be added.
2015-10-23: HackerOne ticket closed by ubnt
2015-11-05: No further responses received. Release of the advisory.
Solution:
---------
Not available.
Workaround:
-----------
1) Hardcoded cryptographic keys
Generate and import a device-specific certificate.
2) Remote management enabled by default
Disabled all methods for remote management and use strong passwords.
Advisory URL:
-------------
https://www.sec-consult.com/
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab
SEC Consult
Berlin - Frankfurt/Main - Montreal - Moscow
Singapore - Vienna (HQ) - Vilnius - Zurich
About SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab
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ensures the continued knowledge gain of SEC Consult in the field of network
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Vulnerability Lab supports high-quality penetration testing and the evaluation
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customers obtain the most current information about vulnerabilities and valid
recommendation about the risk profile of new technologies.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Send us your application https://www.sec-consult.com/
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Contact our local offices https://www.sec-consult.com/
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Mail: research at sec-consult dot com
Web: https://www.sec-consult.com
Blog: http://blog.sec-consult.com
Twitter: https://twitter.com/sec_
EOF Stefan Viehböck / @2015
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